Given that GBM remains adaptive and induces a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment through cytokines like NF-κβ, TGF-α, IL-8, and CXCL2, and signaling cascades like Wnt and others, these may serve as biomarkers of PMT and thus, markers of tumor resistance (Figure 5). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL2 and glioblastoma.