Thus, under physiological conditions, mTORC1 signaling is important for preventing the excessive action of insulin and mTORC2, but under conditions of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity, chronic mTORC1 overactivity may further attenuate insulin and mTORC2 signaling and trigger the establishment of circulus vitiosus [234]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.