In moderate (stage 3) CKD (eGFR, 30–59 mL/min per 1.73 m2), CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels begin to rise.64 There is an accumulation of uremic toxins like indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, which promote oxidative stress and inflammation.20 There is an increased production of reactive oxygen species, leading to cellular damage and further inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and chronic kidney disease.