In moderate (stage 3) CKD (eGFR, 30–59 mL/min per 1.73 m2), CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels begin to rise.64 There is an accumulation of uremic toxins like indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, which promote oxidative stress and inflammation.20 There is an increased production of reactive oxygen species, leading to cellular damage and further inflammation. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is chronic kidney disease.