IL1B and chronic kidney disease: The efficacy of statin therapy in patients with CKD has been well established from the SHARP trial (Study of Heart and Renal Protection)85 and from subsequent meta-analyses in which there was a ≈40% reduction in the risk of stroke in patients with CKD.109,110 Notably, atorvastatin treatment in patients with CKD has been shown to reduce levels of hsCRP, IL-1β, and TNF, with these reductions not solely attributable to cholesterol lowering, suggesting statins possess additional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.123