IL17A and chronic kidney disease: In experimental models of stroke, CKD activates proinflammatory molecules in macrophages, such as myeloproteinase and IL-17A, both of which increase plaque burden and accelerate atherosclerosis in CKD mouse models.71 Reduced levels of active vitamin D in CKD-related mineral bone disease have been shown to increase adhesion molecules within endothelial cells and trigger a senescent state in smooth muscle cells.