In the context of ICIs, these drugs are thought to act primarily on T cells, stimulating them to secrete IFN-γ, which in turn reduces endothelial VEGFA and increases the levels of CXCL-9, CXCL-10, and CXCL-11, contributing to tumor vascular normalization (61, 62). Here, CXCL11 is linked to neoplasm.