Additionally, advanced glycation end products-modified bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) have been found to inhibit Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) promoter transcriptional activity in podocytes by reducing the binding capacity of the SP1, affecting the development of DN (Bondeva & Wolf, 2009; Bondeva & Wolf, 2015). This evidence concerns the gene SP1 and liver dysplastic nodule.