KRAS and colorectal carcinoma: The KRAS gene is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancers, with mutations commonly identified in approximately 90%–95% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), 40% of colorectal cancers (CRC), and 25%–30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) (Bailey et al., 2016; Zhu et al., 2021; Reita et al., 2022; Nusrat et al., 2024).