In tumor-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs), lactate drives histone lactylation, which activates the transcription of circATXN7. This circular RNA interacts with NF-κB p65 subunit, sequestering it in the cytoplasm and impeding its nuclear signaling, making tumor-specific CTLs more susceptible to activation-induced cell death (AICD) and thereby reducing their ability to eliminate tumor cells (Figure 4E). Here, NFKB1 is linked to neoplasm.