Of these DEPs, 36 DEPs showed a significant increase in the T2DM group, which were mainly enriched in neutrophil degranulation, cellular response to chemical stress, VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathway, transport of small molecules, vitamin D receptor pathway, and metabolic bioprocesses (TP53 regulates metabolic genes and nitrogen metabolism); while 25 DEPs showed a significant decrease in the T2DM group, which were mainly enriched in innate immune system and immune system (Fig. 2D). Here, VEGFA is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.