DPP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the field of T2DM management, a range of drugs such as Insulin, Metformin, Sulphonylureas, Meglitinides, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, Thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 inhibitors, Incretin mimetics, and Amylin analogues are employed to regulate blood sugar levels through various mechanisms [56–59].