HSPB1 and Sepsis: After adjusting for potential confounders such as creatinine, PCT, and IL-1β, HSP27 remained significantly associated with 28-day mortality in sepsis (Model 2: OR = 1.038, 95% CI: 1.007–1.071, p = 0.017; Model 3: OR = 1.039, 95% CI: 1.006–1.073, p = 0.021; Model 4: OR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.003–1.071, p = 0.035).