PIK3CA and cancer: In melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and ovarian cancer, NETs can inhibit tumor cell proliferation through adhesion or exert anti-tumor effects by inducing apoptosis or necrosis [37–39].Recent studies have discovered that in colorectal cancer (CRC) with PIK3CA mutations, NETs can be induced by a combination of chemotherapy drugs (glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 and 5-FU) and effectively kill these cancer cells [40].