CD44 and neoplasm: Using LLC cells, we established subcutaneous tumours in mice, which were then divided into three groups on day 0: the CD44-IR700_IV_24h group received an intravenous injection of CD44-IR700 and intratumoural PBS, with NIR light irradiation conducted after 24 h; in the CD44-IR700_IT_24h group, CD44-IR700 was injected via the intratumoural route, PBS intravenously, and NIR light irradiation was performed after 24 h; finally, the CD44-IR700_IT_30m group received an intratumoural injection of CD44-IR700, intravenous PBS, and NIR light irradiation after 30 min (Fig. 4a).