VEGFA and neoplasm: The current first-line treatment for HCC is combining atezolizumab and bevacizumab to block PD-L1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in the tumor microenvironment, enhancing CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor cell recognition and killing, and inhibiting angiogenesis, thereby obstructing tumor energy metabolism and suppressing metastasis pathways (87–89).