Although data from different in vitro studies have shown controversial effects of trehalose on autophagy, studies using AD animal models showed that trehalose treatment reduced Aβ levels and tau aggregation and ameliorated cognitive impairment, suggesting neuroprotective effects of trehalose (Perucho et al., 2012; Schaeffer et al., 2012; Du et al., 2013; Portbury et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.