TRAF6 and Parkinson disease: Subsequently, exercise training led to the downregulation of TLR2/4 and downstream signaling molecules such as myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), phosphorylated transforming growth factor-b-activated protein kinase 1 (p-TAK1) in the nigrostriatum of difference PD models (Viana et al., 2017; Palasz et al., 2019b).