Bacterial infections have been studied as a major environmental factor in the etiology of PBC and one of the causes of loss of tolerance to mitochondrial autoantigens in PBC through the mechanism of molecular mimicry between human PDC-E2 and E. coli PDC-E2 (Dronamraju et al., 2010; Juran and Lazaridis, 2014; Leung et al., 2016; Lule et al., 2017; Tanaka et al., 2019). The gene discussed is DLAT; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.