TNF and glomerulosclerosis: Additionally, in contrast to the UR + Vehicle group, rats in the UR + SAL group had raised body weight, serum Ca2+ level and GFR, ameliorative renal tubular acidosis, and reduced local inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, interstitial fibrosis degree, podocyte loss, glomerulosclerosis index, and renal tissue cell apoptotic rate, and diminished levels of cleaved-caspase-3, Bax/Bcl2,, Scr, BUN, UPr, serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-β, P3+ and PTH (Fig. 7A–L, all p < 0.05).