The importance of NOTCH3 signalling in VSMCs haemostasis and function has been reported in other cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), all characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in arteries and clinically with cognitive dysfunction [34, 69]. The gene discussed is NOTCH3; the disease is cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy.