TNFRSF11B and osteoporosis: Furthermore, S. marianum fruit extract obtained from the fruits of plants sprayed with ZnO-NPs has been evaluated for its anti-osteoporotic efficacy against dexamethasone (Dex)-induced osteoporosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms, primarily through the participation of Runx2, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) pathways, and oxidative stress.