CSF2 and neoplasm: We believe that VACCIMEL has extended the DMFS in treated melanoma patients (17) due to the powerful immunostimulation generated by the Th1-polarizing BCG, the high and locally sustained doses of GM-CSF, the selection of highly transformed melanoma cell lines expressing most TAA, the use of irradiation as a method to generate apoptosis and necrosis of the tumor cells serving as a sign of damage, and possibly due to the contribution of highly immunogenic alloantigens such as HLA.