NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease: Subsequently, NLRP3 activation upregulates cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), increases pathogenic fibrils by increasing aggregation of peptides, causes mitochondrial failure, apoptosis, and thus neurodegeneration, which is a hallmark of AD (Siu et al., 2019; Heneka et al., 2013).