Mechanisms by which these pathogens may cause AD include the induction of Aβ accumulation (Bourgade et al., 2022; Yirün et al., 2023), tau phosphorylation (Dezfulian, 2018), inflammation (Carbone et al., 2014; Shim et al., 2017), DNA damage, neuronal cell death (Sait et al., 2021), microglial overactivation, reduced brain plasticity (Sadasivan et al., 2015), and impaired Aβ clearance (Liu et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.