(20) reported that the serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α, in the short term (1, 4, and 6 h) after surgery did not differ between the ALPPS and PVL groups, although the ALPPS group showed a greater increase in the FLR and a higher Ki-67 labeling index than did the PVL group. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and periventricular leukomalacia.