Reports suggest that combining multi-pathway approaches with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors improves the effectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in MSS CRC by increasing CD8+ T cell counts, upregulating PD-L1 expression, and enhancing the tumor microenvironment (Cai et al., 2024). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.