Radiotherapy can alter tumor cell immunogenicity, amplify CD8+ T cell responses, and upregulate PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells within the tumor environment, rendering resistant tumors responsive to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition (Sharabi et al., 2015; Spiotto et al., 2016).Furthermore, chemotherapy can enhance PD-L1 expression on dendritic cells and boost immune cell infiltration (Heinhuis et al., 2019). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.