TSHR and hyperthyroidism: Both guidelines of the European (ETA) and American (ATA) thyroid associations for the management of thyrotoxicosis in general and autoimmune hyperthyroidism in particular, as well as the guidelines for the management of Graves’ eye disease, emphasize the role of the thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies (TSH-R-Ab) in the management of patients with subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism (1–3).