However, notable pathways upregulated by LPS/nig included genes associated with viral infections, NF‐kappa B signaling, and cell adhesion, and the temporal changes in ICAM1, NFKB1, and VWF confirmed that ECs also displayed a dynamic inflammatory response to LPS/nig treatment (Figure S4B–F; Datas S2 and S3, Supporting Information). This evidence concerns the gene VWF and viral infectious disease.