Dividing donors into those without diabetes and those with pre-diabetes (HbA1c >39 mmol/mol (5.7%) and/or fasting blood glucose >5.6 mmol/L)) revealed a higher proportion of vimentin-positive α-cells in pre-diabetic (PD) (46%) than in non-diabetic (ND) (32%) donors (Fig. 5C). The gene discussed is VIM; the disease is diabetes mellitus.