Examples of specialized functions identified for specific CDCs include the ability of listeriolysin O to mediate the escape of Listeria monocytogenes from the macrophage phagosome and the capacity of streptolysin O (SLO) to translocate its co-toxin NAD-glycohydrolase (NADase) into host cells during infection by group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes or GAS) (6, –, 8). This evidence concerns the gene KCNMA1 and infection.