PDCD1 and Sepsis: The subsequent research further demonstrated an enhancement of PD‐1 expression on peripheral T cells [15], as well as an increased presence of programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD‐L1 or CD274) on spleen B cells and monocytes in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, which is widely used to mimic the abdominal infection and sepsis [16].