Key research hotspots include the ongoing investigation of TILs in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck carcinoma, and other solid tumors; combination therapies; tumor neoantigens; gene editing; dominant population selection of TILs therapy; TILs in TME; TILs-related biomarkers; TILs in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy; PD-1/PD-L1; TIL-based patient stratification; tertiary lymphoid structures; and TILs evaluation(digital pathology and artificial intelligence). Here, CD274 is linked to breast carcinoma.