TLR3 and systemic lupus erythematosus: To explore the link between IL-32 and TLR3 pathway in LN disease, we demonstrated the ability of IgG from SLE patients to activate a typical TLR3 signal transduction, relating to TBK1 and NF-κB activation (35), and to increase IL-32 production, in a human embryogenic renal cell line transfected with TLR3.