A meta-analysis by Pan et al. compared the diagnostic efficacy of multiple biomarkers for S-AKI, including NGAL, KIM-1, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), IL-18, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) × insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7). This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and acute kidney injury.