Furthermore, CAFs contribute to immunosuppression by releasing factors such as phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A), macrophage colony stimulating factor 1 (MCSF), and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) to impair CD8+ T cell anti-tumor activity, promote anti-inflammatory macrophages phenotypes, and recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).7 The gene discussed is CSF1; the disease is neoplasm.