NR1H4 and atherosclerosis: In vivo studies in rats have shown that FXR activation is beneficial in different vascular cell types [e.g., endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells] to revert their pro-constrictory and pro-inflammatory phenotype (Figure 2A), as well as neo-intima formation, all changes, which are promoting atherosclerosis development (55–58).