These alterations, associated with the decrease in IL-4 and TGF-β cytokines during the first four days of infection and their subsequent increase during the next three days, suggest the appropriate activation of both Th1/IFN-γ and Th17/IL-17 axes to control intracellular and extracellular parasites during the first four days of infection. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is infection.