Additionally, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) plays a protective role in BPD by regulating the antioxidant response element, a process effective only when the ubiquitinated degradation of NRF2 by kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) is attenuated (62). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.