TNF and myocardial ischemia: In the treatment of rats, a model of myocardial ischemia, the alcoholic extract of Tiekuaizi reduced the expressions of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF-α and was able to protect against myocardial cell injury produced by inflammatory cell infiltration (Li et al., 2019).