AKT1 and renal fibrosis: Liu et al. (2019) demonstrated that the abnormal upregulation of miR-34a plays a crucial role in the progression of renal fibrosis, and DHM can effectively treat renal fibrosis by inhibiting miR-34a. Similarly, DHM modulates the miR-155-5p/PTEN signaling pathway and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice to promote autophagy and mitigate renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) (Guo et al., 2020b).