2018). Evidence suggests that in T2DM, vascular impairments due to hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation are associated with cognitive impairment and arteriosclerosis (Mehrabian et al. 2012; Novak et al. 2011). Furthermore, there is evidence that proteins such as NSE increase in neurological complications of diabetes, such as polyneuropathy, and that NSE is released into endoneurial fluid and serum following neuronal damage (Elsharkawy et al. 2021; Li et al. 2013). This evidence concerns the gene ENO2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.