TLR1 and aortic valve disorder: The current study was based on our previous findings in heart tissue from patients with advanced coronary artery disease and aortic valve disease, showing that diseased myocardium displayed increased expression of TLR1, TLR3 and TLR7, increased expression of downstream signaling mediators of these receptors, as well as markedly decreased expression of γ-protocadherins compared to control tissue [9, 10].