These covariates include gender, age, race, education level, the poverty income ratio (PIR), alcohol intake, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, serum creatinine, serum albumin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), urine creatinine, and urine albumin. Here, ALB is linked to diabetes mellitus.