DUSP4 and neoplasm: To validate the expression of these eight genes of interest in APAs, we analyzed a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (GSE60042) [33], which showed that NR4A2, EGR1, FOS, and ABCC3 gene expression was downregulated in APA tumor tissue compared to the adjacent cortex, whereas CYP11B2 and DUSP4 were upregulated (Fig. 2F).