A similar result was found in vitro study from the human lung sample of infants with NEC.107 Moreover, the inflammatory reaction in the lungs leads to a reduction in eNOS, which would reduce blood flow and aggravate the lung injury.108 Importantly, lung injury resulting from NEC often leads to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD),109 a chronic lung disease frequently encountered in preterm infants. Here, NOS3 is linked to chronic lung disease.