PCM mitigates the risk of NEC by modulating immune response genes, particularly within the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is crucial for regulating inflammation.65 Furthermore, PCM helps to maintain the intestinal barrier’s integrity by normalizing the tight junction protein expression and reducing the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling genes, providing important protection against NEC.65,66 Also, PCM’s capacity to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 contributes to its anti-inflammatory effects.65,67. Here, NFKB1 is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.