TLR4 and necrotizing enterocolitis: Following a meticulous analysis of the transcriptional profiles of both human and murine intestines afflicted with NEC, a marked upregulation of TLR4 was identified.224 Concomitantly, an analogous increase in TLR4 expression was observed in rats exhibiting NEC,225 underscoring the conserved role of TLR4 in the pathophysiological response across species.