In terms of protein expression in cardiac tissue, we found that the expression levels of BMP6, SMAD3, SMAD6, IL1β, IL18, IL6, TNF-α, and COL1A1 in the DCM group were significantly higher than those in the NC group (n = 3) (Fig. 8B and C). Here, TNF is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.