We also found that 15 Sen-DEGs were aberrantly expressed in the cardiac tissue of DCM patients, with 6 Sen-DEGs (e.g., BMP6, IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3) being significantly upregulated, and 9 Sen-DEGs (e.g., IL6, IL7, PLAUR) being significantly downregulated (Fig. 3B). Here, IGFBP1 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.