SMS and schizophrenia: In order to identify the sphingolipid neurobiology underlying schizophrenia pathogenesis and treatment outcomes, we measured the activity of five sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes: ASM, NSM, acid- (AC) and neutral (NC) ceramidases, as well as sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) in three different brain regions most related to schizophrenia pathogenesis: the PFC, which is mostly associated with cognitive and negative symptoms, and the dorsal- (DS) and ventral striatum (VS) that are predominantly claimed to be responsible for psychotic symptoms [3].