First, in addition to the covariates in Model 1 (age, gender, race/ethnicity, APOE ɛ4, and indicator for the first cognitive assessment to account for retest effect46), models were adjusted for education (a proxy for socio-economic status; Model 2), for vascular risk factors associated with both inflammation status and risk of cognitive decline (body mass index, smoking status, vascular comorbidity score; Model 3), and for all the above covariates and the use of anti-inflammatory medication (Model 4). This evidence concerns the gene APOE and Mental deterioration.