HLA-A and type 1 diabetes mellitus: As expected, an HLA-A/B/C/E hyper-expression was detected in INS-containing islets (ICIs) from T1D compared to non-diabetic (ND) donors, both in β-cells and α-cells (Fig. 7d and see Supplementary Fig. 8a–c for individual β-cells and α-cells of each T1D donor).