FFA2R regulates and modulates a multitude of cellular processes, including β-cell proliferation, insulin secretion, and neutrophil activation, and has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target for management of the inflammatory response and type 2 diabetes (T2D; Fig. 1A; Namour et al. 2016, Bartoszek et al. 2020, Yao et al. 2022, Teyani and Moniri 2023). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.