IL6 and Infertility: Notably, IL‐6 has the unique property of acting as both a pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine.[44] The overexpression of inflammatory cytokines can damage the development of male germ cells, leading to infertility.[20] Consequently, we hypothesized that PFHxS exposure triggers an immune response against spermatocytes and spermatids, eventually leading to mature sperm dysfunction.