AKT1 and breast carcinoma: It has also been widely demonstrated that AKT and ERK signaling is closely associated with cellular senescence.[45] Down‐regulation of phosphorylated AKT and ERK levels causes apoptosis, cell cycle, and cellular senescence in several cancers including breast cancer.[46] However, no study has shown that down‐regulation of phosphorylated MAPK‐ERK levels causes cellular senescence in iCCA.