Furthermore, in response to DNA damage, IKKε undergoes robust SUMOylation at Lys231 by the cellular SUMO E3 ligase TOPORS, resulting in IKKε nuclear translocation, particularly within Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (PML NBs), and activation of the anti-apoptotic function of NF-κB [36,37]. This evidence concerns the gene PML and acute promyelocytic leukemia.