Men with PSA persistence had more adverse cancer characteristics compared with men with high-risk and low-risk relapse—for example, higher PSA at date of PSA persistence (0.40 ng/mL vs 0.20 vs 0.13 ng/mL at date of persistence vs relapse) and higher proportions of positive lymph nodes, surgical margins, and advanced local stage (Table 2). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is cancer.